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==Overview== | |||
Zinc-air batteries are a type of {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW9cfcb1d3ed39476a930047ffb6de6cf0|url=|label=metal-air battery}} technology that offers the potential for high {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW4aa1b96e44a04b1aa0ac723d0223d80b|url=|label=energy density}}, inherent safety, and the use of affordable, earth-abundant materials. These characteristics have attracted interest for a wide range of energy storage applications, from hearing aids and sensors to large-scale stationary energy storage. Most zinc-air batteries commercially available today are {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW3b0b0d6e8b0e4491885e8421d3eb3b69|url=|label=primary cells}} (single-use), but there is growing research and development effort aimed at making zinc-air batteries {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSWefc38420ecbb42e4bb3f208e7c417098|url=|label=secondary cells}} (rechargeable). This work is driven by the technology's promise to combine high performance with sustainability and low cost. | |||
==Working Principle== | |||
A typical zinc-air battery couples an oxygen reduction cathode with a zinc-based anode in an {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW615cff2abe954e65947198db23f4c878|url=|label=alkaline electrolyte}}. During the discharging process, oxygen from the air undergoes reduction at the cathode, while zinc metal at the anode is oxidized. In primary zinc-air batteries, the cathode is a porous gas diffusion electrode containing an oxygen reduction catalyst, such as manganese dioxide (MnO₂). The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) proceeds according to: | |||
O₂ + H₂O + 4e⁻ ⇌ 4OH⁻ | |||
Rechargeable (secondary) zinc-air batteries use a bi-functional air electrode capable of both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) during discharge and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during charging. | |||
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| textdata = File:OSWd16c853933b64ebe9fe640d5a74e96f6.png{{!}}A schematic showing the working principle of an alkaline zinc-air battery cell. Reused with permission from N. Borchers, S. Clark, B. Horstmann, K. Jayasayee, M. Juel, and P. Stevens, “Innovative Zinc-Based Batteries,” J. Power Sources, 484, no. December 2020, p. 229309, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229309.; | |||
}} | |||