| Battery2030+ Excellence Seminar - Laurence Croguennec | |
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| ID | OSW7d5ef82cc31c49dd99a0df7439fe21dd |
| UUID | 7d5ef82c-c31c-49dd-99a0-df7439fe21dd |
| Label | Battery2030+ Excellence Seminar - Laurence Croguennec |
| Machine compatible name | Battery2030ExcellenceSeminar |
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| Keywords | webinar excellence seminar |
Description
An instance of the Battery2030+ Excellence Seminar series featuring Laurence Croguennec on the topic, “Solid state chemistry, a source of innovations in the metal-ion battery field”
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| Type(s)/Category(s) | Event with People |
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| Start date | 2024-11-28 |
| End date | 2024-11-28 |
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| URL | https://battery2030.eu/news/happenings-events/battery-2030-excellence-seminar-28th-of-november/ |
| Organizer | Uppsala University |
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| Project(s) | Battery 2030+ |
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This seminar, featuring guest speaker Laurence Croguennec, will highlight the latest research in battery materials, mechanisms, and solid-state battery applications. Laurence Croguennec is CNRS Research Director at the Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée in Bordeaux (ICMCB-CNRS, France). She graduated (PhD) in 1996 from Nantes University at the Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (France) and spent one year as a Post-Doc at the Bonn University (Germany).
Recording
Transcript
Thank you, Erik, for your kind introduction. I would also like to thank the Battery 2030 team, and especially Christina, Erik, and Camilla, for arranging this talk today. As you mentioned, I am the CNRS Director of Research at the University of Bordeaux, specifically at ICMCB. Today, I will try to highlight how solid-state chemistry can contribute significantly to innovations in the next generations of metal-ion batteries.
Overview of ICMCB
First of all, let me provide a few words about ICMCB, our laboratory. This institute is located at the University of Bordeaux and operates across three sites, with the main site being here. Our expertise lies in solid-state chemistry, material science, chemistry, and processes, increasingly supported by artificial intelligence. The lab has been directed by Cyril Aymonier since 2022, and I serve as Deputy Director. For those unfamiliar, Bordeaux is located in France, and the lab hosts approximately 250 people across three institutions: CNRS, University of Bordeaux, and Bordeaux INP. We have 110 permanent researchers, engineers, and technicians, in addition to hired PhDs, post-docs, and other non-permanent staff. Each year, several master's students join the lab, and the next group is expected in January 2025.
Research Focus and Expertise
Our expertise is rooted in condensed matter and resources, with a strong focus on solid-state chemistry, chemistry and processes, and material science. This work is dedicated to proposing and optimizing materials in areas such as energy, environment, health, electronics, and photonics, supported by life-cycle assessment and artificial intelligence. The lab is organized into seven research groups, one of which is “Energy, Materials, and Batteries.” This group, led by Prof. Dany Carlier since 2022, consists of about 45 people. Our research focuses on battery and supercapacitor chemistry, particularly in developing positive electrode materials and solid electrolytes. We emphasize crystallochemistry and examine materials from their synthesis to their behavior in batteries or supercapacitors, characterizing mechanisms and addressing defects to link chemical balances with electronic structures. This is achieved through expertise in diffraction, spectroscopy, microscopy, and theoretical calculations.
High-Voltage Spinel LNMO
The first part of my talk will focus on how solid-state chemistry can provide new insights into high-voltage spinel LNMO as a positive electrode material for the next generation of batteries. I will highlight how our expertise contributes to this field and discuss the importance of raw materials and the development of materials that consider resource constraints. Metal-ion battery chemistry faces numerous challenges. Materials developed by crystallochemists must be integrated into electrodes with carbon additives and binders on current collectors. These electrodes are then incorporated into batteries that deliver capacity over cycles, affected by variables like temperature and charge rates. A battery is a metastable system, where reactions involve the materials, their interfaces, and interactions with other components. In our group, we address these challenges by developing materials with high energy densities, fast-charging capabilities, and resource availability in mind. Today, I will focus on lithium-ion batteries and touch on sodium-ion technologies as alternatives.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of LNMO
Batteries consist of two electrodes and an electrolyte, examined on various scales—from electrodes and materials to atomic and electronic structures. For lithium-ion batteries, we have worked on a range of positive electrode materials, including layered oxides, olivine (LFP and LFMP), spinel, and lithium-rich layered oxides. Each material reflects evolving demands for longer life, higher safety, and increased energy density. Recent advancements include exploring cationic and anionic redox processes, particularly in manganese-rich materials like LNMO. The LNMO material, lithium nickel manganese oxide, typically features the composition LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄. This material involves a nickel redox couple (Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺/Ni⁴⁺) and offers competitive energy density (650 Wh/kg compared to 700 Wh/kg for NMC). Its appeal lies in being manganese-rich and lithium-poor, with reduced nickel content and no cobalt. These attributes make LNMO a highly attractive alternative. Structurally, LNMO is a spinel with either disordered or ordered configurations, depending on synthesis conditions. At high temperatures (>900°C), a disordered phase with statistically distributed nickel and manganese forms, often accompanied by oxygen loss and manganese reduction. At lower temperatures (~700°C), an ordered phase emerges with distinct nickel and manganese sites. However, understanding the degree and nature of ordering remains a topic of debate.
Characterization and Performance of LNMO
We conducted extensive studies using synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction to characterize these materials. Our findings reveal that stoichiometry, synthesis atmosphere, and thermal treatments influence phase purity, ordering, and electrochemical performance. Notably, materials with slight manganese excess exhibit better electrochemical performance, with increased capacity retention and stability during cycling. Microscopy studies further revealed that LNMO exhibits a mosaic structure, with ordered and disordered domains distributed throughout the material. This mosaic arrangement, rather than a core-shell structure, enhances electrochemical properties by optimizing defect distribution and maintaining structural stability.
Sodium-Ion Battery Technology
In the second part of my talk, I will discuss sodium-ion battery technology as a promising alternative to lithium-ion systems. Sodium is more abundant, geographically distributed, and less expensive. Sodium-ion batteries, while offering lower energy density, can utilize aluminum current collectors instead of copper, further reducing costs. Advances in positive electrode chemistries, such as Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ and its derivatives, demonstrate competitive performance and long cycling stability. In our group, we have developed new NaSICON materials and substituted manganese into existing frameworks to improve resource availability and performance. By optimizing synthesis conditions, we have achieved high-rate capabilities and long-term cycling stability, positioning these materials as viable candidates for next-generation sodium-ion batteries.
Conclusion and Perspectives
To conclude, solid-state chemistry plays a critical role in developing advanced battery materials by addressing structural, electronic, and compositional challenges. Combining in-depth characterization techniques, we continue to uncover original mechanisms and propose innovative materials that balance performance, resource availability, and sustainability. Thank you for your attention, and I extend my gratitude to all collaborators and funding agencies for their contributions to this work.
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