Mixing

Category:OSWa6c6b673d314531e83bce1010db7a848 /
Revision as of 06:57, 18 June 2024 by Simon Clark (0000-0002-8758-6109) (talk | contribs) (add BattINFO links to slurry components)
Mixing [OSWa6c6b673d314531e83bce1010db7a848]
ID OSWa6c6b673d314531e83bce1010db7a848
UUID a6c6b673-d314-531e-83bc-e1010db7a848
Label Mixing
Machine compatible name Mixing
Ontology equivalents

https://w3id.org/emmo/domain/electrochemistry#electrochemistry_49263a32_eca6_4644_8144_0d3b14c26d0a
https://bvco.ontology.link/BVCO_60aef9bf_772f_4355_9f2f_d58c296efe03

Statements (outgoing)
Statements (incoming)
Keywords

Description

mixing of slurry constituent components together with a solvent to create an electrode slurry

Category
Supercategories<br>Definition: CategoryClass
MetaKnowledgeBaseCategory
MetaKitProcessCategory
kit_step_idColumn 'Step #' in the KIT excel sheet<br>Definition: MetaKitProcessCategory 03
successorsFollowing process steps<br>Definition: MetaKitProcessCategory
parametersInput / control parameters of the process<br>Definition: MetaKitProcessCategory
  • Batch size (mixing)
  • Mixing intensity
  • Mixing order
  • Mixing time
  • Mixing tool (model)
  • Mixing tool (serial number)
  • Mixing tool (technology)
  • Mixing tool (vendor)
  • Polymer phase
  • Temperature (mixing)
  • Vacuum (mixing)
  • depends_onCharacteristics of input materials that are relevant for the design of the process<br>Definition: MetaKitProcessCategory
  • Purity (raw materials)
  • Particle size distribution (active materials)
  • Particle size distribution (additives)
  • Particle size distribution (binder)
  • Carbon black agglomerate size (after pre-mixing)
  • Chemical composition (active material)
  • Chemical purity
  • Particle shape (active material)
  • Particle size (active material)
  • Specifc surface area (active material)
  • Specifc surface area (cabon black after pre-mixing)
  • kit_idColumn 'ProcID' in the KIT excel sheet<br>Definition: MetaKitProcessCategory 03-Mixing
    outputsOutput materials of the process<br>Definition: MetaKitProcessCategory

    Slurry mixing involves combining active materials, conductive additives, binders, and solvents to create a homogeneous electrode slurry mixture. This slurry is then coated onto a current collector to form the electrode. Proper slurry mixing ensures optimal performance, consistency, and longevity of the batteries.

    Components of the Slurry

    1. Active Material: The main component responsible for electrochemical reactions. Examples include lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) for cathodes and graphite for anodes.
    2. Conductive Additives: Materials like carbon black or carbon nanotubes that enhance electrical conductivity.
    3. Binders: Polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) that provide mechanical stability and adhesion to the current collector.
    4. Solvents: Liquids such as N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or water used to dissolve binders and facilitate mixing.

    Mixing Process

    Preparation

    • Weighing: Accurately measure all components based on the desired electrode composition.
    • Pre-mixing: Pre-mix dry powders (active material and conductive additives) to ensure uniform distribution.

    Dispersion

    • Add Solvent: Gradually add the solvent to the pre-mixed dry powders while stirring at a low speed to avoid agglomeration.
    • High-speed Mixing: Use high-shear mixers or ball mills to break down agglomerates and ensure even distribution of particles. This step typically lasts several hours.

    Binder Addition

    • Slow Addition: Add the binder slowly to the slurry while mixing to prevent clumping.
    • High-shear Mixing: Continue high-shear mixing until the binder is fully dissolved and evenly distributed.

    Homogenization

    • Vacuum Deaeration: Remove air bubbles from the slurry using a vacuum to prevent defects in the coated electrodes.
    • Final Mixing: Conduct a final mixing phase at moderate speed to ensure a homogeneous mixture.

    Equipment

    Mixers

    • Planetary Mixers: Ideal for small-scale or laboratory use, providing thorough mixing with minimal shear.
    • High-shear Mixers: Suitable for large-scale production, offering efficient particle dispersion and homogenization.
    • Ball Mills: Used for breaking down agglomerates and achieving fine particle distribution.

    Dispersers

    • Ultrasonic Dispersers: Utilize ultrasonic waves to break up particle agglomerates.
    • Bead Mills: Employ grinding beads to achieve fine dispersion of particles.

    Process Parameters

    Temperature

    • Maintain a controlled temperature (typically 25-40°C) to ensure binder solubility and prevent solvent evaporation.

    Mixing Speed

    • Optimize mixing speed based on the slurry viscosity and desired particle size distribution. High speeds enhance dispersion but may cause excessive heating.

    Mixing Time

    • Ensure adequate mixing time to achieve homogeneity without over-mixing, which can cause degradation of materials.

    Quality Control

    Viscosity Measurement

    • Regularly measure slurry viscosity using viscometers to ensure consistency. Target viscosity varies depending on the electrode type but is generally within the range of 500-5000 cP.

    Particle Size Analysis

    • Perform particle size analysis using laser diffraction or dynamic light scattering to ensure uniform particle distribution.

    Homogeneity Testing

    • Test slurry samples for homogeneity using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

    Safety Considerations

    • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, goggles, and respirators, to protect against hazardous chemicals.
    • Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation in the mixing area to prevent solvent vapor accumulation.
    • Spill Containment: Implement spill containment measures to handle accidental spills safely.

    Troubleshooting

    Agglomeration

    • Cause: Insufficient mixing or inadequate dispersing agent.
    • Solution: Increase mixing time or speed, or add more dispersing agent.

    Viscosity Fluctuations

    • Cause: Inconsistent binder or solvent addition.
    • Solution: Ensure precise and controlled addition of components.

    Poor Adhesion

    • Cause: Incomplete binder dissolution or inadequate mixing.
    • Solution: Extend mixing time and ensure thorough binder integration.

    Proper slurry mixing is essential for high-performance battery electrodes. By following these guidelines and continuously monitoring process parameters, manufacturers can achieve consistent and reliable slurry formulations.

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