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Cell components comprise the individual parts of a battery cell prior to its assembly into a complete cell. Cell components can be considered the stage between raw materials and complete cells, as cell components generally consist of raw materials processed to adopt the chemical and physical properties required to optimally function for the purpose of electrochemical energy storage. | Cell components comprise the individual parts of a battery cell prior to its assembly into a complete cell. Cell components can be considered the stage between raw materials and complete cells, as cell components generally consist of raw materials processed to adopt the chemical and physical properties required to optimally function for the purpose of electrochemical energy storage. | ||
Cell components may be classified into active components, which participate in the electrochemical reaction, and inactive components, which do not participate in the electrochemical reaction but are necessary and help facilitate the electrochemical reaction. Cell components may be solid or liquid, porous or non-porous, and may be monolithic | Cell components may be classified into active components, which participate in the electrochemical reaction, and inactive components, which do not participate in the electrochemical reaction but are necessary and help facilitate the electrochemical reaction. Cell components may be solid or liquid, porous or non-porous, and may be monolithic or composite materials. | ||
When working with cells at the lab-scale, cell components are often optimized to be handled one piece at a time, often by hand or in some cases by a small robot. At lab-scale, volumes are not large and components are produced as needed or desired. It is important to note that since the size of the components is generally smaller, defects in the components tend to have a larger effect on the results. Cell components may be artisanally made in the lab or purchased commercially, and complete cell assemblies are often a mixture of the two. | When working with cells at the lab-scale, cell components are often optimized to be handled one piece at a time, often by hand or in some cases by a small robot. At lab-scale, volumes are not large and components are produced as needed or desired. It is important to note that since the size of the components is generally smaller, defects in the components tend to have a larger effect on the results. Cell components may be artisanally made in the lab or purchased commercially, and complete cell assemblies are often a mixture of the two. | ||
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Cells used for scientific research may not have all the cell components listed below, which are typical for most commercial Li-ion battery cells. Research may focus on reducing, replacing, or eliminating certain cell components for the sake of improving performance. | Cells used for scientific research may not have all the cell components listed below, which are typical for most commercial Li-ion battery cells. Research may focus on reducing, replacing, or eliminating certain cell components for the sake of improving performance. | ||
Custom-designed cells may be purpose-built for use in advanced characterization techniques, such as ''in situ'' or ''operando''. These types of cells will have additional components related to their end-use. | Custom-designed cells may be purpose-built for use in advanced characterization techniques, such as ''in situ'' or ''operando''. These types of cells will have additional components related to their end-use, such as specialized windows for optical measurements. | ||
== Active components == | == Active components == | ||
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=== {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW331e6ccaf2604bf8af5535304fe1bbe0|url=|label=Separator}} === | === {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW331e6ccaf2604bf8af5535304fe1bbe0|url=|label=Separator}} === | ||
The separator is an inactive component which physically separates the anode and the cathode. Its main purpose is to prevent internal short-circuiting. | The separator is an inactive component which physically separates the anode and the cathode. Its main purpose is to prevent internal short-circuiting. For liquid electrolytes, it is typically porous to enable ionic conductivity while also being electrically insulating to prevent shorting. For solid electrolytes, the separator is typically not necessary as its role is supplanted by the solid electrolyte itself. | ||
=== {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW68eb5e355bd847b19b7ff67224fa291e|url=|label=}} === | === {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW68eb5e355bd847b19b7ff67224fa291e|url=|label=}} === | ||
The binder is an inactive component which serves to keep the active material mechanically attached to the current collector. | The binder is an inactive component which serves to keep the active material mechanically attached to the current collector to maintain electronic conductivity. | ||
=== {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW212af0583bbb419fa9c690ba9ebb3706|url=|label=}} === | === {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW212af0583bbb419fa9c690ba9ebb3706|url=|label=}} === | ||
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=== {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW6385e07ff40d46b2b998c439950d75cb|url=|label=}} === | === {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW6385e07ff40d46b2b998c439950d75cb|url=|label=}} === | ||
In coin cell form factors, the wave spring applies pressure to the spacer to maintain pressure and therefore electrode alignment inside the cell. | In coin cell form factors, the wave spring applies pressure to the spacer to maintain pressure and therefore electrode alignment inside the cell. In cylindrical cells, | ||
=== [[Gasket]] === | === [[Gasket]] === | ||
In coin cell form factors, the gasket provides a tight seal between the coin cell base and lid to prevent the electrolyte from leaking, to prevent contact with outside moisture and air, and to electrically isolate the positive and negative terminals of the coin cell, thereby preventing an external short-circuit. | In coin cell form factors, the gasket provides a tight seal between the coin cell base and lid to prevent the electrolyte from leaking, to prevent contact with outside moisture and air, and to electrically isolate the positive and negative terminals of the coin cell, thereby preventing an external short-circuit. Gaskets are also used in cylindrical cells for similar reasons, primarily maintaining a hermetic seal for the cell. | ||
== Lab-scale vs. Pilot-scale/Full-scale == | == Lab-scale vs. Pilot-scale/Full-scale == | ||
When battery cells are scaled up to pilot- and full-scale production, there are some changes to form factor which can then involve different components. For more information, see the {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW95c931188ee95463a278b15b55ffacb6|url=|label=cell components}} page. For example, prismatic cells are not typically made at the lab-scale but involve cell (sub)components that are unique to the prismatic cell for factor. Pouch cells may also include additional components in order for them to be collected into larger assemblies for modules and packs or for other functionalities, such as sensors or labels. | When battery cells are scaled up to pilot- and full-scale production, there are some changes to form factor which can then involve different components. For more information, see the {{Template:Viewer/Link|page=Category:OSW95c931188ee95463a278b15b55ffacb6|url=|label=cell components}} page. For example, prismatic cells are not typically made at the lab-scale but involve cell (sub)components that are unique to the prismatic cell for factor. Pouch cells may also include additional components in order for them to be collected into larger assemblies for modules and packs or for other functionalities, such as sensors or labels. | ||